{"id":1563,"date":"2024-01-29T11:35:05","date_gmt":"2024-01-29T10:35:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/500.gr.ch\/cronologia\/"},"modified":"2024-08-30T11:45:46","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T09:45:46","slug":"cronologia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/500.gr.ch\/rum\/cronologia\/","title":{"rendered":"Cronologia"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_section el_class=”hero hero_page full_width” css=”.vc_custom_1689938943357{background-image: url(https:\/\/500.gr.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Karte_Drei_Buende-3638462761-1.png?id=15) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text el_class=”mb-0 white_text title_element”]<\/p>\n

Cronologia<\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”scroll_icon_wrapper_row”][vc_column][vc_column_text el_class=”mb-0 scroll_icon_wrapper”]

<\/svg><\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section][vc_section el_id=”intro”][vc_row el_class=”intro_text”][vc_column][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 mb-0″]CRONOLOGIA DALS EVENIMENTS ISTORICS 1524 \u2013 2024<\/p>\n

Cun numerusas occurrenzas ans regurdain nus quest onn ch\u2019ils signurs e las vischnancas da las Trais Lias \u00e8n sa unids il 1524 al Stadi liber da las Trais Lias, il precursur da l\u2019actual chantun Grischun.<\/p>\n

Qua suonda ina cronologia dals fatgs e da las situaziuns che han caracteris\u00e0 la cuminanza grischuna durant ils davos tschintgtschient onns.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section][vc_section el_class=”history_section new_history_section” el_id=”start”][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el new_first_history_row”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]PREMISSAS[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]451 s. Cr. <\/strong>Cuira \u00e8 cumprov\u00e0 sco sedia episcopala.1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

8. tsch. <\/strong>Fundaziun da las claustras Must\u00e9r, Faveras e M\u00fcstair.2<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

843 s. Cr. <\/strong>En il contract da Verdun vegn la Currezia attribuida a l\u2019imperi ostrofrancon (pli tard imperi tudestg).3<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

10.-12. tsch. <\/strong>L\u2019uvestg da Cuira \u00e8\u00a0 il pli impurtant suveran, a partir dal 12avel tschientaner stattan ils nobels seculars dasper el.4<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

13.\/14. tsch. <\/strong>Famiglias dal Vallais immigreschan en las valladas alpinas dal Grischun. Enfin oz caracteriseschan\u00a0 Gualsras e Gualsers la cultura e l\u2019istorgia dal Grischun.5<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Vischnancas giudizialas (cumins) naschan. Ellas han sco finamira l\u2019administraziun autonoma cun l\u2019elecziun libra dal derschader (mastral) ed entschaivan uschia da sa deliberar dal domini feudal.<\/p>\n

Indicaziun da las funtaunas<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”leger vinavant” el_class=”mb-0 inline_btn static_el”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”history_anchor_row”][vc_column el_class=”history_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 white_text history_anchor_btn mb-0 no_hover_link static_el”]1365<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 white_text history_anchor_btn mb-0 no_hover_link static_el”]1400<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 white_text history_anchor_btn mb-0 no_hover_link static_el”]1500<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 white_text history_anchor_btn mb-0 no_hover_link static_el”]1600<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 white_text history_anchor_btn mb-0 no_hover_link static_el”]1700<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 white_text history_anchor_btn mb-0 no_hover_link static_el”]1800<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 white_text history_anchor_btn mb-0 no_hover_link static_el”]1900<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 white_text history_anchor_btn mb-0 no_hover_link static_el”]2000<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el” el_id=”1365″][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]1367[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 static_el”]Lia da la Chad\u00e9[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]Reuniun dals stans<\/p>\n

Il 1367 sa reuneschan ils \u00abstans\u00bb clericals, nobels e purils che suttastattan a l\u2019uvestg da Cuira. Quai \u00e8n sco emprim il Chapitel catedral da Cuira, secundo la noblezza da servetsch (ils chavaliers) e sco terz las vischnancas da vallada Tumleastga e Schons, Surses, Bergiaglia, Engiadin\u2019Ota, Engiadina Bassa e la citad da Cuira. Ils stans vulan condecider en l\u2019administraziun episcopala dal pajais e furman per quai in cussegl. La reuniun da la \u00abCumina Chad\u00e9 a Cuira\u00bb dal 1367 n\u2019\u00e8 structuralmain e legalmain anc nagina vaira confederaziun. Ma cun las radunanzas dals represchentants da las vischnancas da vallada e tras allianzas cun la Lia sura e la Lia da las Diesch Dretgiras survegn la Cumina Chad\u00e9 dapli forza d\u2019agir. Uschia vala ella finalmain era sco Lia e vegn era numnada uschia: \u00abLia da la Chad\u00e9\u00bb.6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Indicaziun da las funtaunas<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”leger vinavant” el_class=”mb-0 inline_btn static_el”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]1395[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 static_el”]Lia sura \/Lia Grischa[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]Fundaziun<\/p>\n

La reuniun numnada l\u2019emprim Lia sura nascha il 1395 a Glion. Iniziant principal \u00e8 l\u2019avat da la claustra da Must\u00e9r; sco ulteriurs \u00absignurs principals\u00bb valan il barun da Raz\u00e9n ed il barun da Sax-Mesauc. Impurtant \u00e8 dentant era la cooperaziun dals cumins da Must\u00e9r (sut la pussanza da la claustra) e da la Lumnezia (sut la pussanza dals Sax) Paucs dis pli tard s\u2019associescha il cont da Werdenberg-Sargans cun la vischnanca dals libers da Laax. L\u2019origin da la Lia \u00e8 ina seria dad ostilitads cun consequenzas negativas per traffic e commerzi. Correspundentamain duai la Lia sura servir oravant tut al mantegniment da la pasch tranter ils partenaris da la lia. Ils 16 da mars 1424 vegn ella engirada da nov a Trun. Ina entira dunsaina da vischnancas \u00e8n ussa represchentadas. Insaquantas dad ellas prendan schizunt part da maniera independenta, senza resguard a lur signurs, oravant tut Schons e Valragn. A chaschun dal nov engirament dal 1424 vegn cumplettada l\u2019instituziun centrala da la lia, la dretgira cuminaivla.\u00a0 L\u2019entira lia vegn ussa numnada adina pli savens Lia Grischa \u2013 quai en allusiun a la vestgadira da launa grischa da ses commembers, dals \u00abpurs grischs\u00bb.7<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Indicaziun da las funtaunas<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”leger vinavant” el_class=”mb-0 inline_btn static_el”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el” el_id=”1400″][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]1436[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 static_el”]La Lia da las Diesch Dretgiras[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]Fundaziun<\/p>\n

La Lia da las Diesch Dretgiras\u00a0 vegn fundada ils 8 da zercladur 1436 a Tavau, suenter ch\u2019il cont da Toggenburg, Friedrich VII era mort senza descendent masculin. Ils cumins Tavau, Claustra, Castels, Aschera, St. Peter, Langwies, Churwalden, Belfort, Maiavilla e Malans han vul\u00ec impedir cun la lia ina repartiziun. Tuttina vegnan els suenter repartids tar differents signurs feudals. Vers la fin dal 15. tschientaner surpiglian ils ducas da l\u2019Austria la pussanza sur tut ils cumins cun excepziun da Maiavilla e Malans. Cun la Lia da las Diesch Dretgiras e las Trais Lias sco sustegn pon ils cumins mantegnair ina tscherta independenza da l\u2019Austria. Dentant pir 1649\/52 als \u00e8si reuss\u00ec da sa cumprar liber da la pussanza austriaca.8<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Indicaziun da las funtaunas<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”leger vinavant” el_class=”mb-0 inline_btn static_el”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]1471[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 static_el”]Allianza tranter la Lia sura e la Lia da las Diesch Dretgiras[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]Allianza bilaterala<\/p>\n

Suenter las allianzas bilateralas tranter la Lia sura e la Lia da la Chad\u00e9 (1406) e tranter la Lia da la Chad\u00e9 e la Lia da las Diesch Dretgiras (1450), han era la Lia sura e la Lia da las Diesch Dretgiras fatg in\u2019allianza il 1471. Uschia era mintga Lia alli\u00e0 directamain cun las duas autras \u2013 e \u00abl\u2019architectura\u00bb da las Trais Lias era terminada. A partir da quel temp han las Trais Lias era gia fatg dietas federalas cuminaivlas. Il lieu da las dietas \u00e8 savens st\u00e0 Vazarouls. La fracziun sper Brinzauls aveva in posiziun centrala: en la Lia da las Diesch Dretgiras, dentant fitg damanaivel al cunfin cun la Lia da la Chad\u00e9 ed era betg dalunsch da la Lia sura. Perquai che la terza e davosa allianza bilaterala \u00e8 vegnida fatga il 1471, \u00e8 result\u00e0 il \u00abmitus da Vazarouls\u00bb: Ins ha cret ch\u2019ins haja conclud\u00ec a Vazarouls quella giada ina allianza trilaterala. Questa vista nun-istorica \u00e8 il motiv per il monument da Vazarouls (obelisc cun trais varts) sin la plazza da la regenza a Cuira.41<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Quellennachweis<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”leger vinavant” el_class=”mb-0 inline_btn static_el”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]1499[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 static_el”]Guerra svabaisa e Battaglia a la Chalavaina[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]Conflict profund<\/p>\n

En la Guerra svabaisa cumbattan las Trais Lias da la vart dals Confederads encunter il retg Maximilian I e la Lia svabaisa. Ils Grischuns emprovan oravant tut da sa defender encunter\u00a0 las revendicaziuns da pussanza dals Austriacs en Engiadina Bassa ed en Val M\u00fcstair. La culminaziun dramatica da las confruntaziuns \u00e8 la Battaglia a la Chalavaina dals 22 da matg 1499. En la stretga da la val giudim la Val M\u00fcstair han las truppas austriacas constru\u00ec ina bloccada; cun assaglir questa fortificaziun perda Benedetg Fontana, chapitani da la glieud da la Chad\u00e9 sia vita. La victoria a la Chalavaina na porta dentant betg la deliberaziun sperada dals dretgs da pussanza austriacs. La schientscha da libertad dal giuven stadi republican vegn dentant rinforzda.9<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Indicaziun da las funtaunas<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”leger vinavant” el_class=”mb-0 inline_btn static_el”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el” el_id=”1500″][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]1496 \u2022 1509 \u2022 1516 \u2022 1523[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 static_el”]Contracts da mercenadi cun la Frantscha[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]Mercenariat<\/p>\n

Gia il 1496 ha la Lia Grischa fatg in contract da mercenadi cun la Frantscha. Questa cunvegna vegn renovada il 1509 da tut las Trais Lias. Cun quai han ins suttamess ils servetschs da mercenaris che n\u2019avevan enfin qua nagina regulaziun, ad ina controlla dal stadi. Ultra da quai vegnan reglads en ils contracts il martg\u00e0 liber et il traffic da rauba. Suenter sia victoria en la battaglia da Marignano (1515) fa il retg Franz I da la Frantscha il 1516 ina \u00abpasch eterna\u00bb cun ils Confederads ed ils Grischuns. Quella pasch al permetta anc ina giada da recrutar truppas da mercenaris, entant ch\u2019el vegn oblig\u00e0 a pajaments regulars da \u00abpensiuns\u00bb (imports da daners annuals). Mintgina da las Trais Lias duai survegnir il medem import sco in chantun da la Confederaziun. Il 1532 fa il medem monarc in nov contract da\u00a0 mercenadi cun las Trais Lias.10<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Indicaziun da las funtaunas<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”leger vinavant” el_class=”mb-0 inline_btn static_el”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]1500 \u2022 1502 \u2022 1518[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 static_el”]Cunvegna cun l\u2019Austria[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]Buna relaziun da vischins<\/p>\n

Las Trais Lias sa cunvegnan cun il retg e posteriur imperatur Maximilian davart ina buna vischinanza, ina reducziun dals dazis en il Tirol ed il Vorarlberg e davart ina schliaziun cumpromissariala dad eventuals conflicts. Al contract sigill\u00e0 il 1500 da la Lia da la Chad\u00e9 e da la Lia da las Diesch Dretgiras, s\u2019associescha era la Lia Grischa il 1502. Il 1518 vegn la cunvegna confermada sco \u00aballianza ereditara\u00bb. Ella mantegna sia valaivladad enfin il 1798.10<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Indicaziun da las funtaunas<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”leger vinavant” el_class=”mb-0 inline_btn static_el”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]1512[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 static_el”]Conquista da la Vuclina[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]Territoris subdits<\/p>\n

La conquista da la Vuclina cun Buorm e Clavenna \u00e8 la pli gronda operaziun da la politica exteriura da las Trais Lias a l\u2019entschatta dal 16. tschientaner. Malgr\u00e0 lur contracts cun la Frantscha s\u2019associeschan ils Grischuns il 1512 a la coaliziun furmada dal cardinal Matth\u00e4us Schiner, uvestg da Sion: il Papa \u00e8 uffizialmain a la testa da questa coaliziun. En la \u00abGronda campagna guerrila da Pavia\u00bb gidan ils Grischuns als Confederads da stgatschar ils Franzos da la Lumbardia. Cun questa chaschun occupeschan els \u00a0la Vuclina e Buorm, sco era Clavenna e las Trais Plaivs sisum il Lai da Com. Els s\u2019approprieschan ils territoris sco terras subditas. Las Trais Plaivs van dentant a perder al Ducadi da Milaun durant las guerras da M\u00fcs (1525, 1531).12<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Indicaziun da las funtaunas<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”leger vinavant” el_class=”mb-0 inline_btn static_el”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]1523[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 static_el”]Refurmaziun a Cuira[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]Nova cardientscha<\/p>\n

Il plevon da la citad da Cuira Johannes Comander fa che Cuira daventa il center dal moviment da refurmaziun da las Trais Lias. Ils onns 1523-1527 s\u2019impona la cardientscha evangelica en la citad.[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”leger vinavant” el_class=”mb-0 inline_btn static_el”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]1524[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 static_el”]Brev federala da las Trais Lias[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]Fundaziun<\/p>\n

Cun la lia dals 23 da settember 1524 entschaiva il temp dal Stadi liber da las Trais Lias (1524-1799), ch\u2019\u00e8 suenter vegn\u00ec integr\u00e0 sco \u00abCanton R\u00e4tien\u00bb sco part da la Republica Helvetica e finalmain il 1803 sco Chantun Grischun en la Confederaziun.<\/p>\n

Ina collavuraziun politica da las Trais Lias hai gia d\u00e0 avant il 1524 \u2013 cumenz\u00e0 cun las \u00abCampagnas militaras da Buorm\u00bb (Wormser Z\u00fcge) cuminaivlas encunter il Ducadi da Milaun il 1486\/87. En l\u2019emprima brev dals artitgels da Glion dals 4 d\u2019avrigl 1524 han ins a la fin anc relasch\u00e0 statuts cuminaivels per fatgs da la baselgia. Ins \u00e8 pia vegn\u00ec a la conclusiun ch\u2019i saja temp per ina brev federala cuminaivla. Quella remplazza ils contracts d\u2019allianza mintgamai bilaterals dal 15. tsch., oravant tut quel dal 1450 (tranter la Lia da la Chad\u00e9 e la Lia da las Diesch Dretgiras) e quel dal 1471 (tranter la Lia Grischa e la Lia da las Diesch Dretgiras).<\/p>\n

Il grond absent en la Brev federala dal 1524 \u00e8 l\u2019uvestg da Cuira \u2013 cumbain ch\u2019el \u00e8 il patrun da la Lia Grischa (sco possessur da las anteriuras signurias dals Sax). L\u2019uvestg \u00e8 \u00ec en l\u2019exil, en vista al moviment refurmatoric. La versiun da la brev federala dal 1544 vegn percunter era sigillada da l\u2019uvestg da quel temp \u2013 Luzi Iter, in burgais da Cuira.[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”leger vinavant” el_class=”mb-0 inline_btn static_el”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”new_history_row_two_col animate_el”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_title”][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h2 static_el”]1524 \u2022 1526[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”title_h3 static_el”]Ils Artitgels da Glion[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ el_class=”history_row_two_col_content”][vc_column_text el_class=”static_el history_main_text”]Vischnancas e baselgia<\/p>\n

Las duas brevs dals Artitgels da Glion dal 1524 e dal 1526 regleschan ils fatgs da la baselgia en l\u2019interess da las vischnancas:<\/p>\n